Abstract

Peri-urban agriculture plays a crucial role in food security and sustainable development, yet soil quality degradation poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity in these transitional zones. This study assessed soil quality parameters across 15 peri-urban farming sites using integrated physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Soil samples were collected from three distinct land-use categories: intensive vegetable farming, mixed cropping systems, and fallow agricultural lands. Results revealed significant variations in soil organic matter (2.1-4.8%), pH levels (5.2-7.9), and microbial biomass carbon (180-420 mg kg⁻¹). Heavy metal contamination was observed in 60% of intensive farming sites, with cadmium and lead concentrations exceeding WHO guidelines. Soil compaction issues were prevalent in mechanized farming areas, with bulk density values ranging from 1.3-1.7 g cm⁻³. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) ranged from 0.42 to 0.78, indicating moderate to good soil health across the study region. These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable soil management practices in peri-urban agricultural systems to maintain long-term productivity and environmental health.