Abstract

Continuous monoculture cropping systems have become increasingly prevalent in modern agriculture, yet their long-term effects on soil physical properties remain inadequately understood. This study examines the dynamics of soil texture and structure under various monoculture systems over a 15-year period across multiple agricultural regions. We analyzed soil samples from continuous corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping systems, comparing them with diversified rotation systems and natural grassland controls. Results indicate significant alterations in soil structure parameters, including bulk density increases of 12-18% in monoculture systems compared to rotational cropping. Aggregate stability decreased by 23-31% under continuous monoculture, with corn showing the most pronounced deterioration. Clay particle migration was observed in all monoculture systems, leading to subsurface clay accumulation and reduced porosity in the 15-30 cm depth interval. Soil organic matter content declined by 15-22% in monoculture systems, directly correlating with structural degradation. These findings suggest that continuous monoculture practices fundamentally alter soil physical architecture, potentially compromising long-term agricultural sustainability and ecosystem services.