Long-term organic amendments represent a cornerstone strategy in sustainable agroecosystem management, yet the cumulative effects on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community dynamics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cropping systems remain incompletely characterized. This comprehensive review synthesizes current scientific evidence pertaining to the multifaceted interactions between organic amendment application, soil physical and chemical attributes, and the composition, diversity, and functional capacity of soil bacterial communities in chickpea-based agricultural systems across extended time horizons. Soil physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, water-holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil organic carbon (SOC), are demonstrably modified by prolonged organic amendment inputs, with vermicompost and compost exhibiting the most pronounced improvements in soil structural and nutritional quality. Bacterial community composition, characterized through advanced molecular methodologies including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics, undergoes substantial restructuring under long-term amendment regimes, evidenced by increased alpha-diversity indices, enhanced microbial biomass, and shifts in the relative abundance of dominant phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. In the chickpea rhizosphere specifically, root exudation patterns and legume-specific rhizodeposition processes create unique selective pressures that modulate bacterial community assembly and augment the functional guilds responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and organic matter decomposition. The mechanistic linkages between soil physicochemical modifications and microbial community responses are mediated through pH-driven niche differentiation, organic carbon substrate availability, and shifts in nutrient stoichiometry. Critically, contradictory findings exist in the literature regarding the magnitude and directionality of amendment-induced community shifts across soil types, amendment rates, and temporal scales, underscoring substantial methodological and ecological knowledge gaps. This review identifies priority research frontiers, including the need for coordinated multi-decadal field experiments, integrated multi-omics approaches, and climate-responsive amendment strategy modeling, with the overarching objective of harnessing soil microbiome engineering for enhanced chickpea productivity and agroecosystem sustainability.