Introduction: The rhizosphere is the soil region affected by plant roots, where microorganisms play a role in regulating C and N cycling. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) with chemical fertilizers and organic sources in maize (Zea mays L.) system improves soil fertility, nutrient-use efficiency and crop productivity.
Methodology: The present study evaluated INM effects on maize rhizosphere processes through metagenomics, enzyme analysis and functional gene studies and microbial and biochemical approaches.
Results and Discussion: INM resulted in significantly higher microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and nutrient availability than sole chemical fertilization. The enhanced nitrogen transformation and reduced N₂O emissions were observed for functional genes such as nifH, amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ. Long-term INM also increased soil organic C, nutrient use efficiency and maize yield.
Conclusion: Integrated nutrient management enhances rhizosphere microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen cycling in maize systems. It improves soil health, crop productivity and environmental sustainability and therefore an effective measure for sustainable maize production.