Drought-rewetting cycles have been identified as one of the most important types of environmental disturbance in agricultural soils and have the potential to produce dramatically large and oscillating changes in soil redox potential (Eh) that reconfigure the biogeochemical environment that controls the supply of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to Glycine max (soybean) production systems. The objective of the current study is to provide a synthesis of the current scientific understanding of the linkages between the N and P fluxes driven by redox oscillations and carbon (C) turnover in the soybean rhizosphere across disciplines including soil biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, plant physiology and agronomic science. Upon the onset of drought and associated emergence of aerobic soil conditions, oxidative processes such as nitrification, organic matter stabilization, and the adsorption of phosphate to iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxide minerals occur while subsequent rewetting and development of anoxic soil conditions will result in denitrification, fermentation of C, reductive dissolution of Fe oxide bound P, and the Birch effect (an observable transient pulse of dissolved organic C (DOC), ammonium (NH₄⁺), and inorganic P occurs following rapid rewettingThese oscillatory dynamics have an intricate and contradictory influence on soybean nutrient acquisition due to transient nutrient pulses both provide short-term benefits to fertility while increasing the potential for gaseous N loss, P leaching, and microbial immobilization. Drought stress disrupts the symbiotic relationship with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and AMF and results in variable recovery from drought after rewetting, which results in complications in BNF and P efficiency. The extracellular enzyme systems that exist, including β-glucosidase, urease, nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase, are key biogeochemical regulators that mediate C:N:P transformations and stoichiometric coupling at redox transitions. The microbial community shifts in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and functional fungal guilds affect their metabolic capacity as a community and create redundancy at the level of functional redundancy at the community level when exposed to redox stress. Overall, results show that all three redox dynamics; frequency, amplitude, and duration; modulate the N₂O emissions, efficiency of P mobilization, C sequestration potential, soil aggregate stability and ecosystem function, and long-term sustainable soy production. The use of multi-omics methods that are currently being developed, along with stable isotope tracing techniques and machine learning-based biogeochemical modeling, creates a perfect opportunity to better understand how these interconnected processes work. The results of these studies demonstrate that there is an urgent need for drought-adaptive management practices to help maintain nutrient-use efficiency, soil biogeochemical stability, and climate resilience in worldwide soybean production systems. These practices include optimized irrigation scheduling, applying organic amendments (e.g., manure, compost), and the use of bioinoculants (e.g., rhizobacteria).